new world vegetables

"New World vegetables" refers to crops that originated in the Americas (North, Central, and South America) and were introduced to the rest of the world after European contact in the late 15th and early 16th centuries (the Columbian Exchange). These vegetables significantly transformed global agriculture and cuisine. Key New World Vegetables: Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) Native to South America, now a staple in cuisines worldwide. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) Originated in the Andes, became a major food crop in Europe and beyond. Corn/Maize (Zea mays) Domesticated in Mexico, now one of the most important cereal crops globally. Bell Peppers & Chili Peppers (Capsicum spp.) Originated in Mesoamerica and South America, widely used for flavor and spice. Beans (Phaseolus spp. e.g., kidney, black, pinto, lima beans) Native to the Americas, a key protein source. Squash & Pumpkins (Cucurbita spp.) Includes zucchini, butternut squash, and pumpkins, native to the Americas. Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) Originated in Central or South America, distinct from Old World yams. Avocados (Persea americana) Native to Mexico and Central America, now a global superfood. Cacao (Theobroma cacao) The source of chocolate, domesticated in Mesoamerica. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Native to North America, grown for seeds and oil. Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) A North American tuber, not related to globe artichokes. Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) An ancient grain crop from the Americas, used for seeds and greens. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Native to the Andes, a high-protein pseudocereal. Impact of New World Vegetables: Agricultural Revolution: Many of these crops (like potatoes and maize) became staples, supporting population growth. Culinary Influence: Tomatoes transformed Mediterranean cuisine, chili peppers revolutionized Asian and African cooking, and chocolate became a global luxury. Economic Importance: Crops like potatoes and corn are now among the most cultivated in the world. Did you have a specific question about any of these vegetables or their history?